Researchers studied a well-characterized cohort of HIV-1 seroconverters from sub-Saharan Africa who were identified when seronegative and followed under Protocol C of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI). iKIR genes enhance the protective effect of HLA-B*57 on early set-point viral load and time to low CD4 count. The full paper is available in November 2018 Science Immunology.